ERP System Implementation in Organisation

ERP System Implementation in Organisation

ERP system is a well-known term in organizational management in every place. There are different phases in this system, which helps the organizations to grow up their business activities and develop management efficiently. Retirement is the chief topic in this ERP cycle as well. However, each phase is highly fruitful and reflective for business institutions. Phases are included as adoption decision phase, acquisition, implementation phase, use and maintenance phase, evolution phase and retirement phase. It must be highlighted that retirement phase is the chief and key phase which helps all the companies to change their management decisions and activities positively (Papke-Shields & Boyer-Wright, 2017). More than that, retirement guides companies to achieve and to adopt effective theories and strategies so that the managers can be able to improve their business rewardingly. However, it should be specified that managers need to find out the necessities or the essentialities of new technological systems in their workplaces. This is because, without technological implementation, no organization can be able to build up their business management reflectively. In this regard, it has been revealed that ERP system is the chief cycle, where retirement phase implements the technological plans and aspects within a significant organization (Emblemsvåg, 2014). The respective managers of every highlighted business companies do this implementation and planning.

Basically, in the most recent days, it has been observed that ERP system is a significant project planning which helps the managers to point out their faults, needs, rewarding aspects and so on. After adopting new technological aspects and devices, it must be specified that managers point out the faults or the irrespective outcomes of the technologies through ‘’retirement phase’’. Therefore, this is the chief term or phase, which helps all the managers or employers to replace such ERP systems, technologies or management strategies.

After introducing retirement in ERP system, it is to be highlighted that the researchers are trying to evaluate the purpose, responsibilities or objectives of this phase in significant business organizations. Retirement phase has chief responsibility because; this phase directs the managers to replace ineffective ERP technologies and aspects with effective technologies and perspectives.

Purpose and objective

Chief target or purpose of this research study will convey the essentialities and necessities of retirement phase of ERP cycle. In this respect, the researchers are trying to highlight the positive outcomes and results of this phase so that the observers, readers or managers can be able to get significant ideas and concepts regarding the specified phase of ERP lifecycle. More than that, it must be highlighted that this research study will also focus on the positive results of replacing or retiring manage mental technologies or aspects, which started to provide negative impact on business companies as well.

Objectives

The objectives of this research projects are mentioned below:

• To analyse essentialities of retirement phase in ERP cycle
• To justify outcomes of retirement phase in workplaces
• To relate the other phases with retirement phase of ERP system
• To understand and to clarify the positive outcomes and fruitfulness of this research in business institutions

Significance

There is a proper significance of this research. This research study will help the managers of respective organizations to find out the positive outcomes and results of replacing or retiring different technologies and aspects of all organizations. From the previous research analysis and studies, it has been revealed that managers have implemented retirement phase along with other reflective phases of ERP cycle. Other than that, those research studies also express the advantages and benefits of different business institutions and management by replacing ERP technologies, which affect the working conditions and values as well.

From the above discussion, it has been specified that organizations are trying to focus on the retirement phase and its positive outcomes so that the managers can enforce and include that particular phase within their management as well. However, researchers are trying to imply effective strategies and planning so that the managers can be able to include retirement phase of ERP cycles in order to replace ineffective technologies.

Scope

This research study will propose different scopes, which are reflective to discuss through the study. ERP system, technologies, and retirement phase are highly significant to find out the scopes as well. Literature review and conclusion are included in scopes as well. Scopes are as follows:

• Retirement phase in ERP cycles
• Relationship between retirement and other phases
• Key factors of retirement phase
• Decision makers’ identification of retirement phase and its positive outcomes

Research Methodology

Research methodology always helps the research analysis and the researchers to understand the ways and procedures of research study. Research analysis of Retirement in ERP system also includes a proper method of researching and directs the researchers to analyze their research study significantly. Other than that, it is to be specified that if researchers fail to fix up their methods of research study, they will fail to research positively and effectively. However, this topic is highly related to structured literature review research approach, which helps the researchers to gather relevant data and information from the previous research studies on this topic. Structured literature review approach signifies strategies and idea regarding a specific research topic after developing the idea and concepts from the earlier ones as well.

Regarding data collection method, it is to be mentioned that secondary data collection method must be involved for this research analysis. This is because, books, journals, articles provide effective knowledge and concept regarding the topic of the research as well. Data base knowledge, market evaluation and consistency are the chief topics or information that the researchers need to collect. Therefore, secondary data collection method is highly rewarding and fruitful in this respect. On the other hand, primary data collection method includes face-to-face interviews, surveys and so on (Wright et al. 2016). This method is not applicable for this research as research approach is structured literature review. Moreover, it is to be highlighted that among quantitative and qualitative data analyses, qualitative is highly applicable for this research topic. This is because; researchers need to discuss and to focus upon the qualities of organizational management after implying ERP lifecycle, in which retirement is the chief topic as well (Gelman et al. 2014). If researchers can be able to highlight the quality of retirement phase, which brings positive outcomes and effectiveness in business organizations, development in business activities and technologies will be definite as well.

From the above discussion of this context, it is to be highlighted that researchers can be able to reflect their research analysis on this topic of retirement phase in ERP system as well. Other than that, it is also be evaluated that if the researchers cannot be able to follow up the mentioned methods for their research topic, they can never be able to reflect this topic of research positively.

Literature review

ERP life cycle: Enterprise resource planning is highly effective regarding improvement of business organization. The word lifecycle itself refer to a continuous process, hence, this ERP lifecycle can be said as a continuous process of ERP system, which includes different phases.   However, it is to be specified that retirement is one of the main steps of this system and lifecycle. There are different phases in ERP system that is highly effective for project planning and development (Tasevska, Damij & Damij, 2014). The researcher has shed light on each phase of ERP lifecycle and according to the researcher, entire ERP phase are the reference of ERP lifecycle at their different stages. ERP  lifecycle includes five different phases such as adoption, acquisition, implementation, use and maintenance and the last phase is evaluation and retirement phase. In order to approach retirement phase of ERP lifecycle model, the researcher has to go through each single phase that are included in retirement phase. The researcher has pointed their discussion on ERP phases (Jeong et al. 2015).

Table 1: Retirement phase analysis

(Source: coursera.org, 2016)

According to the researcher, retirement phase comes at the bottom of ERP lifecycle; it refers to adopt new technology for project planning. When the manager fined their planning are not working in an effective way, then the ultimate is there present in Enterprise resource planning lifecycle. In this phase the manager decide when the existing plan should be eliminated and there will be implementation of another required technology. ERP system is completely based on technology implementation; hence, this retirement phase helps the manager to implement effective technology for business development and to design a perfect project planning (Heravi & Coffey, 2015). In order to follow ERp retirement phase the manager has to go through by the other different ERP lifecycle phases, as retirement phase is the final stage of ERP lifecycle. The researcher has lighted entire lifecycle phase of ERP.

Relationship of retirement phase with other ERP lifecycle phases:

Figure 1: ERP lifecycle

(Source: Jeong et al. 2015)

Adoption phase: This is the first phase of ERP lifecycle, which provides the facility of examining project requirement for further planning. According to the researcher in this phase, the project manager has to identify the overall requirement in order to plan a project in an effective manner. This phase has the property through which a manager can be able to put the project requirement and determine project aim and objectives and benefits related to the requirement for proper project planning (Rieger, Stanley & Traynor, 2014). It is the important phase for ERP system; this is very begining phase for project development. However according to the researcher when manager founds any kind of challenges after adopting phase of adoption in ERP system then the manager's turns toward retirement phase. 

Acquisition phase: This is the selection phase for the organisation managers, in which they tend to select their required technology for project development and project planning. In order to minimise customization, this phase is quite helpful for the manager in which they will have to select organisation product that can result profit to the organisation (refer to appendix 1). In this phase of ERP lifecycle, the decision is based on product pricing, maintenance and training. In addition, with the help of this phase the manager can be able to contract an agreement for further project planning (Emblemsvåg, 2014).

Implementation phase: Implementation is the third phase of ERP lifecycle, which refer implementation of adoption and acquisition according to the required decision taken by the organisational managers (refer to appendix 2). According to the researcher, in this phase the managers use to consult first, as per organisational need. In this phase, the manager requires to take expert advice for implementing project needs according to organisational product selection (Sharon & Dori, 2015). 

Maintenance and use phase: According to the researcher, the manager has to maintain and use the adopted technology for organisational growth and development. While using this phase the manager needs to be aware of the technology expectation and benefits, along with that the manager needs to be concerned about the challenges during this phase. For any project planning, it is required to look after the implemented technology. In ERp lifecycle system this phase plays a vital role for organisational development (Creemers, Reyck & Leus, 2015).

Evaluation phase: In this phase of ERP lifecycle the manger need to evaluate the entire requirement for project planning. According to the researcher, this phase refers to the integration of implementing more beneficial ERP system ability. This phase includes project planning, scheduling, customer relationship management supply chain management, work process and external expansion with other business partners. According to the researcher, this phase helps the manager to turn toward retirement phase (Šetinc, Gradišar & Tomat, 2016).

Retirement phase: This phase is the final phase of ERP system in which the manager has to decide about the project planning that need to be retirement according to the need. After passing through each phase of ERP lifecycle, this phase helps the manager to make further effective project planning for organisational development.  In order to approach business need this Retirement phase appears with new technology according to the project need and organisational requirement (Papke-Shields & Boyer-Wright, 2017).

Graph 1: ERP retirement system

(Source: Galliers & Leidner, 2014)

Key factors of retirement phase in ERP system: Retirement phase is the final phase of enterprise resource planning, which enables the manager to make effective decision. Temein fundamental of this phase has the am to remove product system according to the organisational requirement. This is because,  software has their specific expiry date and it is difficult to conduct organisational function with un-updated software. Hence, with the presence of retirement phase the manager can be able to make decision for adopting new technology. According to the researcher, there are few reason behind removing ERP system and adopting new technology (Baskerville, Pawlowski & McLean, 2016).

Figure 2: Retirement phase key factors

(Source: Chofreh et al. 2016)

●       Expired software, which has no longer use for the organisational function and project planning

●       System get obsolete

●       When system get replaced, the manager has to decide for system retirement

These are the certain key factors, which influences the manager to make decision for adopting retirement phase. In addition, retirement phase has certain objectives regarding organisational development and project planning. According to the researcher, retirement phase includes flowing objectives:

●       Retirement phase completes system removal according to the organisational requirement

●       This phase makes sure that there should not be any kind of interruption to the system users

●       Retirement phase provides less impact on organisational function or operation related to business activity

Figure 3: Retirement phase objectives

(Source: Alexander, 2015)

The researcher has focused on activity of retirement phase, which helps the manager to make effective decision for project planning.

●       Retirement phase include the activity of identification and comprehensive analysis on existing software system in order to remove and find its coupling with another system software according to organisational need

●       The manager can be able reconstruct and re engineering the existing software systems,in order to make the system software within organisation and there would not be need of any retirement

●       Retirement phase works to transform the required data from organisational record, according to the researcher no data can be manipulated  after being retired

●       Retirement phase provides the facility of maintaining existing data and there will be no requirement of existing ata to the other system

●       Retirement phase manages to configure existing system software from the organisation

●       This phase offers to integrate system from the remaining system, according to the researcher this facility is provided to ensure that existing software is well

●       In order to facilitate with smooth communication system the retirement phase include beta testing of software system

Graph 2: Training and development

(Source: Renz, 2016)

Key Decision maker’s identification in retirement phase: According to the researcher, this phase helps the organisational manager in many ways. With the presence of retirement phase objective ad activity, any organisational manager can be able to receive beneficial result in favour of organisation. According to the researcher, there is a term release retirement milestone through which retirement phase ends (Shen, Chen & Wang, 2016). Release retirement milestone is the final stage of retirement phase. With the presence of this milestone, the manager can be able to achieve following:

Figure 4: Retirement phase decision makers

(Source: Bos, 2016)

Removal of release system: This is the end of retirement phase, which includes software and hardware, job scheduling and existing data in ERP system archive

Update Documentation: In this phase, there is presence of un-updated data and documentation. According to the research enterprise, resource the managerial department must update planning system data.

Acceptance of stakeholder: In this phase of release retirement milestone, the manager should notify the entire stakeholder of the organisation. In addition, the stakeholder must understand removal of system and they should sign out from the existing software.

Hence, according to the researcher view, it can be said that the process of retirement phase is not just a simple effort; rather it is well-defined process in ERP lifecycle. With the above discussion on the key factors of decision-making, it can be said that retirement end process is helpful to the manager in order to make effective decision for the organisation. According to the researcher’s point of view, retirement phase affects less on business organisation and helps the organisational manager to implement required technology in order to meet with organisations aim and objectives.

Research Outcome

The research on ERP system and ERP lifecycle has shed light to the challenges that comes toward the manager while planning for a project. The ERP lifecycle include different phases and retirement phase is one of the most effective phases, which enable the manager to make decision for making organisational development. According to the researcher study, there are certain issues, which are being faced by the manager. It becomes easy to conduct organisational function with the presence of ERP lifecycle and ERP system (Lasisi, Owens & Udagedara, 2017).

Table 2: Retirement phase benefits

(Source: trexin.com, 2014)

Challenges with ERP retirement phases:

The research has reflected the challenging phase with the organizational manager with ERP lifecycle process and ERP system. When it comes to change or modify the software system with the help of retirement phase, it becomes more difficult in order to plan for budget. As software and hardware costs high, therefore ultimately manager will find difficulties while paying for system maintenance. Based on the research study of literature review, the researcher has pointed there is a need of required study on ERP system and ERP lifecycle (Garbutt & Schuler, 2016). According to the property of retirement phase in ERP system, manager deals with the implementation new technology or modification of required technology. In both cases, organisations need to pay huge amount (Costa et al. 2016).

System replacement costing: when it comes to replace system in ERP system, the manager tend to take expert consultation, which offers effective and suitable advice, however it takes high cost. ERP system is completely dependent upon software system, each software and hardware requires license, here the challenging factor for the manager is to set proper budget strategy for project planning. In order to run business organisation in proper way a manager should be aware with software pricing and other business requirement (Zvezdov & Hack, 2016).

When a manager reach to retirement phase at that instant the manager has to make decision for implementing new technology. First of all the manager has to decide the necessity of removing existing software system. This is the most challenging phase for the manager to decide when there is a need of new technology. In order to do so the manager has to gather proper information related to the required software system for the organisational growth. By passing through each ERP lifecycle, the organisation manager faces challenges in each of the phase (Hu et al. 2016).

Challenge of gathering proper system skill: It is easy to implement new and effective software in organisation with the help of ERP system. However, the manager requires proper knowledge based on software system for the organisation. If the manager would not have required skills, it will be difficult for them to make understand their employee for implementing or using software system. In order to sustain organisation aim in proper direction it is essential to share system information to the project related person within the organisation (Baltzan & Phillips, 2016).

Requires expert’s guide in retirement phase adoption: With the presence of top-level management system, the business organisation avails proper decision and direction method. According to the literature review, the organisational manager faces challenges while adopting technology. When it comes to avail the facility with the help of retirement phase of ERP life cycle, it is essential for the manager to gather expert guide. There is a requirement of technical expert while adopting technology for organisational development. This becomes a challenge for the management system in order to avail convenient facility through ERP system.  In that case, lack of technical skill can result in failure direction and organisation would not able to sustain smoothly (Leon, 2014).

According to the literature review study, the researcher has shed light on the challenging phases, which are faced by the organisational manager. With the help of ERP system and ERP lifecycle, the researcher has lighted the narrow benefits through retirement phase in ERP lifecycle process.

Retirement phase benefits in ERP lifecycle process: The ERP lifecycle process consists different phases in which retirement phase offers beneficial result for the organisational development. In this phase, the manager has to decide for the removal of existing system and implementation of required software in order to improve organisational productivity. With the presence of retirement phase, a manager would be able to understand when a software need to be retired. As software system has certain specific expiry date after that particular system requires t be updated, hence with the implementation of updated software to the organisation function, it would be beneficial to develop in an efficient way (Galliers & Leidner, 2014).

However, each phase of ERP lifecycle are interlinked with each other by relating lifecycle phases with retirement phase several beneficial results can be availed by the organisation. These ERP lifecycle process are processed in a cyclic order, hence, when it comes to last stage of retirement phase, the manager would get idea when a software should be removed and how the next system can be utilised for the further organisational growth. With the help of adoption phase, a manager can be able to reach retirement easily by analysing the required system for establishing proper project planning (Renz, 2016).

Retirement phase properties: With the evidence of ERP software cost effectiveness, the business organisation tends to adopt this Cloud ERP software for organisational growth. As the entire processes of cloud software are maintained within vendor's environment, hence this software does not carry any extra rent through organisation. Cloud ERP system offer to integrate required information the software installation. Cloud software is extremely flexible to the user and in addition, this software provides the facility of auto update system. Cloud software provides an effective to communicate and share information to the organisational body and it can be controlled from anywhere. Hence, according to the research, this Cloud ERP system is suitable for business organisations (Garbutt & Schuler, 2016).

Solution through ERP lifecycle and retirement phase: Cloud ERP system offers many beneficial service to the organisation. Based on the research study it can be said that the organisation can be able to implement this software according to their business requirements. The software developers has provided with user-friendly ERP system of cloud computing. Business organisation faces challenges during technology implementation due to limited budget, since cloud ERP system offers different packages so it would be convenient to select affordable software packages for organisational development (Lasisi, Owens & Udagedara, 2017).

Discussion

In recent days it has been seen that many of the organisational body tends to adopt ERP system and ERP lifecycle retirement phase, in order to develop organisational productivity. In order to plan for a project in business organisation, lot of things need to meet related to the business fundamentals. According to the research study on retirement phase of ERP lifecycle and through the help of literature review many things has come out. Several data has been collected through this research study and this research study leads toward the discussion part, based on the challenging factors and implementation of retirement phase with the help of ERP lifecycle’s retirement phase. In order to develop organisation in proper manner, there is requirement of technology adoption, which transforms organisational function in an easy mode. Retirement phase works as tool for the organisational manager while planning a project.

In this research report, the researcher has highlighted critical points of business organisational structure and functionality with the implementation of ERP lifecycle.  ERP retirement phase lifecycle provides an efficient way to implement technology in the global business platform. With the help of lifecycle model related to ERP, system an organisational management body can be able to understand the method of technology adoption. According to the researcher ERP, system is beneficial for organisational growth. However, there are few parts of challenges where the organisational management finds while planning for a project (Jeong et al. 2015).

When it comes to plan a project, in order to achieve organisational aim and objectives, it is essential to implement required resources. For this reason organisation requires a proper direction to implement suitable ERP system. With the implementation of ERP life cycle and its different steps, this helps the organisation to achieve organisational, specified goal. In the platform of global business, organisation ERP lifecycle enable organisation to select technology packages. In addition, this lifecycle tool also supports project planning in proper way and in efficient manner. The organisational manager receives certain suitable idea to integrate project planning in a proper alignment. The researcher has found an important technique of analysing gap while implementing ERP system to the organisation. It is very important to analyse organisational gap, it is the way to make understand about the current organisational function and future requirement for the organisation (Heravi & Coffey, 2014). In order to implement project planning it is important to review the entire status of the organisation, this helps to analyse what are the further requirement of the organisation. Through analysing organisational requirement, the decision makers will be able to make effective business strategies in order to gain beneficial results and can improve their market position.

The researcher has focused on the implementation of ERP lifecycle process because it provides structured way to improve organisational function. According to the research study on literature review, it has come to know that in the ground of global organisation ERP system has influenced positive results for organisational growth. The management system of the organisation enables to design effective project designing and planning (Rieger, Stanley & Traynor, 2014).  One another applicable method that is retirement system in ERP helps organisational management system in order to implement new and effective business planning. Organisational management body implement certain effective business strategies for organisational growth, however, the environment of business platform changes according market status. Hence, it is not possible that existing business strategy will work effectively; in that case, organisation requires changing and modifying its marketing strategies. With the change of marketing strategies, an organisation can be able to receive profitable result for the organisational growth. According to the research study, the researcher has put their view on ERP retirement phase, which is suitable to improve organisational productivity. This phase helps the organisational management system to implement new project planning which would reflect positive result in favour of global level organisation (trexin.com, 2014). 

Conclusion

The ground of global market deals with various types of organisation and every organisation consisting of their own market value. In the ground of market, it is the crucial responsibility of managers to implement suitable project planning for organisational development. When it comes to plan for a project, the manager faces certain areas of challenge. In order to develop and improve organisational productivity it is essential to design project planning in a proper manner at the time of ERP retirement phase. In this report, there is a discussion on managerial function to design project planning with the support of ERP system and ERP retirement phase analysis. Through the implementation of project, planning one organisational manager can be able to share their vision among other employee related to the business platform.

With the implementation of ERP system and ERP retirement phase, an organisation faces few of the challenging area. The researcher has focused and lighted the challenging area, which need to be improved in proper manner, so that the organisation can be able to improve their productivity in an effective manner during ERP retirement phase and ERP system. When a manager comes to plan for organisational project, it is important to review the importance of project planning. With the help of ERP retirement phase and ERP system, the manager would be able to conduct organisational function in an effective way through project, planning the organisational manager can be able to put their view on business strategies. Project planning is an effective through which an organisation can avail different way of receiving beneficial result and in addition, it helps to improve productivity.