ERP System Implementation in Organisation
ERP system is a well-known
term in organizational management in every place. There are different phases in
this system, which helps the organizations to grow up their business activities
and develop management efficiently. Retirement is the chief topic in this ERP
cycle as well. However, each phase is highly fruitful and reflective for
business institutions. Phases are included as adoption decision phase,
acquisition, implementation phase, use and maintenance phase, evolution phase and
retirement phase. It must be highlighted that retirement phase is the chief and
key phase which helps all the companies to change their management decisions
and activities positively (Papke-Shields & Boyer-Wright, 2017). More than
that, retirement guides companies to achieve and to adopt effective theories
and strategies so that the managers can be able to improve their business
rewardingly. However, it should be specified that managers need to find out the
necessities or the essentialities of new technological systems in their
workplaces. This is because, without technological implementation, no
organization can be able to build up their business management reflectively. In
this regard, it has been revealed that ERP system is the chief cycle, where retirement
phase implements the technological plans and aspects within a significant
organization (Emblemsvåg, 2014). The respective managers of every highlighted
business companies do this implementation and planning.
Basically, in the most
recent days, it has been observed that ERP system is a significant project
planning which helps the managers to point out their faults, needs, rewarding
aspects and so on. After adopting new technological aspects and devices, it
must be specified that managers point out the faults or the irrespective
outcomes of the technologies through ‘’retirement phase’’. Therefore, this is
the chief term or phase, which helps all the managers or employers to replace
such ERP systems, technologies or management strategies.
After introducing
retirement in ERP system, it is to be highlighted that the researchers are
trying to evaluate the purpose, responsibilities or objectives of this phase in
significant business organizations. Retirement phase has chief responsibility
because; this phase directs the managers to replace ineffective ERP
technologies and aspects with effective technologies and perspectives.
Chief target or purpose of
this research study will convey the essentialities and necessities of
retirement phase of ERP cycle. In this respect, the researchers are trying to
highlight the positive outcomes and results of this phase so that the
observers, readers or managers can be able to get significant ideas and
concepts regarding the specified phase of ERP lifecycle. More than that, it
must be highlighted that this research study will also focus on the positive
results of replacing or retiring manage mental technologies or aspects, which
started to provide negative impact on business companies as well.
The objectives of this
research projects are mentioned below:
- To analyse essentialities of
retirement phase in ERP cycle
- To justify outcomes of
retirement phase in workplaces
- To relate the other phases with
retirement phase of ERP system
- To understand and to clarify
the positive outcomes and fruitfulness of this research in business
institutions
There is a proper
significance of this research. This research study will help the managers of
respective organizations to find out the positive outcomes and results of
replacing or retiring different technologies and aspects of all organizations.
From the previous research analysis and studies, it has been revealed that
managers have implemented retirement phase along with other reflective phases
of ERP cycle. Other than that, those research studies also express the
advantages and benefits of different business institutions and management by
replacing ERP technologies, which affect the working conditions and values as
well.
From the above discussion,
it has been specified that organizations are trying to focus on the retirement
phase and its positive outcomes so that the managers can enforce and include
that particular phase within their management as well. However, researchers are
trying to imply effective strategies and planning so that the managers can be
able to include retirement phase of ERP cycles in order to replace ineffective
technologies.
This research study will
propose different scopes, which are reflective to discuss through the study.
ERP system, technologies, and retirement phase are highly significant to find
out the scopes as well. Literature review and conclusion are included in scopes
as well. Scopes are as follows:
- Retirement phase in ERP cycles
- Relationship between retirement
and other phases
- Key factors of retirement phase
- Decision makers’ identification
of retirement phase and its positive outcomes
Research methodology
always helps the research analysis and the researchers to understand the ways
and procedures of research study. Research analysis of Retirement in ERP system
also includes a proper method of researching and directs the researchers to
analyze their research study significantly. Other than that, it is to be
specified that if researchers fail to fix up their methods of research study,
they will fail to research positively and effectively. However, this topic is
highly related to structured literature review research approach, which helps
the researchers to gather relevant data and information from the previous
research studies on this topic. Structured literature review approach signifies
strategies and idea regarding a specific research topic after developing the
idea and concepts from the earlier ones as well.
Regarding data collection
method, it is to be mentioned that secondary data collection method must be
involved for this research analysis. This is because, books, journals, articles
provide effective knowledge and concept regarding the topic of the research as
well. Data base knowledge, market evaluation and consistency are the chief
topics or information that the researchers need to collect. Therefore,
secondary data collection method is highly rewarding and fruitful in this
respect. On the other hand, primary data collection method includes
face-to-face interviews, surveys and so on (Wright et al. 2016). This method is not applicable for this research as
research approach is structured literature review. Moreover, it is to be
highlighted that among quantitative and qualitative data analyses, qualitative
is highly applicable for this research topic. This is because; researchers need
to discuss and to focus upon the qualities of organizational management after
implying ERP lifecycle, in which retirement is the chief topic as well (Gelman et al. 2014). If researchers can be able
to highlight the quality of retirement phase, which brings positive outcomes
and effectiveness in business organizations, development in business activities
and technologies will be definite as well.
From the above discussion
of this context, it is to be highlighted that researchers can be able to
reflect their research analysis on this topic of retirement phase in ERP system
as well. Other than that, it is also be evaluated that if the researchers
cannot be able to follow up the mentioned methods for their research topic,
they can never be able to reflect this topic of research positively.
ERP life cycle: Enterprise
resource planning is highly effective regarding improvement of business
organization. The word lifecycle itself refer to a continuous process, hence,
this ERP lifecycle can be said as a continuous process of ERP system, which
includes different phases. However, it
is to be specified that retirement is one of the main steps of this system and
lifecycle. There are different phases in ERP system that is highly effective
for project planning and development (Tasevska, Damij & Damij, 2014). The
researcher has shed light on each phase of ERP lifecycle and according to the
researcher, entire ERP phase are the reference of ERP lifecycle at their
different stages. ERP lifecycle includes
five different phases such as adoption, acquisition, implementation, use and
maintenance and the last phase is evaluation and retirement phase. In order to
approach retirement phase of ERP lifecycle model, the researcher has to go
through each single phase that are included in retirement phase. The researcher
has pointed their discussion on ERP phases (Jeong et al. 2015).
Table 1: Retirement phase analysis
(Source: coursera.org, 2016)
According to the
researcher, retirement phase comes at the bottom of ERP lifecycle; it refers to
adopt new technology for project planning. When the manager fined their
planning are not working in an effective way, then the ultimate is there
present in Enterprise resource planning lifecycle. In this phase the manager
decide when the existing plan should be eliminated and there will be
implementation of another required technology. ERP system is completely based
on technology implementation; hence, this retirement phase helps the manager to
implement effective technology for business development and to design a perfect
project planning (Heravi & Coffey, 2015). In order to follow ERp retirement
phase the manager has to go through by the other different ERP lifecycle
phases, as retirement phase is the final stage of ERP lifecycle. The researcher
has lighted entire lifecycle phase of ERP.
Relationship of retirement phase with other ERP
lifecycle phases:
Figure 1: ERP lifecycle
(Source: Jeong et al. 2015)
Adoption phase: This is the first phase
of ERP lifecycle, which provides the facility of examining project requirement
for further planning. According to the researcher in this phase, the project
manager has to identify the overall requirement in order to plan a project in
an effective manner. This phase has the property through which a manager can be
able to put the project requirement and determine project aim and objectives
and benefits related to the requirement for proper project planning (Rieger,
Stanley & Traynor, 2014). It is the important phase for ERP system; this is
very begining phase for project development. However according to the
researcher when manager founds any kind of challenges after adopting phase of
adoption in ERP system then the manager's turns toward retirement phase.
Acquisition phase: This is the selection
phase for the organisation managers, in which they tend to select their
required technology for project development and project planning. In order to
minimise customization, this phase is quite helpful for the manager in which
they will have to select organisation product that can result profit to the
organisation (refer to appendix 1). In this phase of ERP lifecycle, the
decision is based on product pricing, maintenance and training. In addition,
with the help of this phase the manager can be able to contract an agreement
for further project planning (Emblemsvåg, 2014).
Implementation phase: Implementation is the
third phase of ERP lifecycle, which refer implementation of adoption and
acquisition according to the required decision taken by the organisational
managers (refer to appendix 2). According to the researcher, in this phase the
managers use to consult first, as per organisational need. In this phase, the
manager requires to take expert advice for implementing project needs according
to organisational product selection (Sharon & Dori, 2015).
Maintenance and use phase: According to the
researcher, the manager has to maintain and use the adopted technology for
organisational growth and development. While using this phase the manager needs to be
aware of the technology expectation and benefits, along with that the manager
needs to be concerned about the challenges during this phase. For any project
planning, it is required to look after the implemented technology. In ERp
lifecycle system this phase plays a vital role for organisational development
(Creemers, Reyck & Leus, 2015).
Evaluation phase: In this phase of ERP
lifecycle the manger need to evaluate the entire requirement for project
planning. According to the researcher, this phase refers to the integration of
implementing more beneficial ERP system ability. This phase includes project
planning, scheduling, customer relationship management supply chain management,
work process and external expansion with other business partners. According to
the researcher, this phase helps the manager to turn toward retirement phase
(Šetinc, Gradišar & Tomat, 2016).
Retirement phase: This phase is the final
phase of ERP system in which the manager has to decide about the project
planning that need to be retirement according to the need. After passing
through each phase of ERP lifecycle, this phase helps the manager to make
further effective project planning for organisational development. In order to approach business need this
Retirement phase appears with new technology according to the project need and
organisational requirement (Papke-Shields & Boyer-Wright, 2017).
Graph 1: ERP retirement system
(Source: Galliers & Leidner, 2014)
Key factors of retirement phase in ERP system: Retirement phase is the
final phase of enterprise resource planning, which enables the manager to make
effective decision. Temein fundamental of this phase has the am to remove
product system according to the organisational requirement. This is because, software has their specific expiry date and it
is difficult to conduct organisational function with un-updated software.
Hence, with the presence of retirement phase the manager can be able to make
decision for adopting new technology. According to the researcher, there are
few reason behind removing ERP system and adopting new technology (Baskerville,
Pawlowski & McLean, 2016).
Figure 2: Retirement phase
key factors
(Source: Chofreh et al. 2016)
●
Expired software, which has no longer use for the
organisational function and project planning
●
System get obsolete
●
When system get replaced, the manager has to
decide for system retirement
These are the certain key
factors, which influences the manager to make decision for adopting retirement
phase. In addition, retirement phase has certain objectives regarding
organisational development and project planning. According to the researcher,
retirement phase includes flowing objectives:
●
Retirement phase completes system removal
according to the organisational requirement
●
This phase makes sure that there should not be any
kind of interruption to the system users
●
Retirement phase provides less impact on
organisational function or operation related to business activity
Figure
3: Retirement phase objectives
(Source: Alexander, 2015)
The researcher has focused
on activity of retirement phase, which helps the manager to make effective
decision for project planning.
●
Retirement phase include the activity of
identification and comprehensive analysis on existing software system in order
to remove and find its coupling with another system software according to
organisational need
●
The manager can be able reconstruct and re
engineering the existing software systems,in order to make the system software
within organisation and there would not be need of any retirement
●
Retirement phase works to transform the required
data from organisational record, according to the researcher no data can be
manipulated after being retired
●
Retirement phase provides the facility of
maintaining existing data and there will be no requirement of existing ata to
the other system
●
Retirement phase manages to configure existing
system software from the organisation
●
This phase offers to integrate system from the
remaining system, according to the researcher this facility is provided to
ensure that existing software is well
●
In order to facilitate with smooth communication
system the retirement phase include beta testing of software system
Graph 2: Training and development
(Source: Renz, 2016)
Key Decision maker’s identification in retirement
phase: According to the researcher, this phase helps the organisational
manager in many ways. With the presence of retirement phase objective ad activity,
any organisational manager can be able to receive beneficial result in favour
of organisation. According to the researcher, there is a term release
retirement milestone through which retirement phase ends (Shen, Chen &
Wang, 2016). Release retirement milestone is the final stage of retirement
phase. With the presence of this milestone, the manager can be able to achieve following:
Figure 4: Retirement phase
decision makers
(Source: Bos, 2016)
Removal of release system: This is the end of
retirement phase, which includes software and hardware, job scheduling and
existing data in ERP system archive
Update Documentation: In
this phase, there is presence of un-updated data and documentation. According
to the research enterprise, resource the managerial department must update
planning system data.
Acceptance of stakeholder: In this phase of release
retirement milestone, the manager should notify the entire stakeholder of the
organisation. In addition, the stakeholder must understand removal of system
and they should sign out from the existing software.
Hence, according to the
researcher view, it can be said that the process of retirement phase is not
just a simple effort; rather it is well-defined process in ERP lifecycle. With
the above discussion on the key factors of decision-making, it can be said that
retirement end process is helpful to the manager in order to make effective
decision for the organisation. According to the researcher’s point of view,
retirement phase affects less on business organisation and helps the
organisational manager to implement required technology in order to meet with
organisations aim and objectives.
The research on ERP system
and ERP lifecycle has shed light to the challenges that comes toward the
manager while planning for a project. The ERP lifecycle include different
phases and retirement phase is one of the most effective phases, which enable
the manager to make decision for making organisational development. According
to the researcher study, there are certain issues, which are being faced by the
manager. It becomes easy to conduct organisational function with the presence
of ERP lifecycle and ERP system (Lasisi, Owens & Udagedara, 2017).
Table 2: Retirement phase benefits
(Source: trexin.com, 2014)
Challenges with ERP retirement phases:
The research has reflected
the challenging phase with the organizational manager with ERP lifecycle
process and ERP system. When it comes to change or modify the software system
with the help of retirement phase, it becomes more difficult in order to plan
for budget. As software and hardware costs high, therefore ultimately manager
will find difficulties while paying for system maintenance. Based on the
research study of literature review, the researcher has pointed there is a need
of required study on ERP system and ERP lifecycle (Garbutt & Schuler, 2016). According to the
property of retirement phase in ERP system, manager deals with the
implementation new technology or modification of required technology. In both
cases, organisations need to pay huge amount (Costa et
al. 2016).
System replacement
costing: when it comes to replace system in ERP system, the manager tend to
take expert consultation, which offers effective and suitable advice, however
it takes high cost. ERP system is completely dependent upon software system,
each software and hardware requires license, here the challenging factor for
the manager is to set proper budget strategy for project planning. In order to
run business organisation in proper way a manager should be aware with software
pricing and other business requirement (Zvezdov & Hack, 2016).
When a manager reach to
retirement phase at that instant the manager has to make decision for
implementing new technology. First of all the manager has to decide the
necessity of removing existing software system. This is the most challenging
phase for the manager to decide when there is a need of new technology. In
order to do so the manager has to gather proper information related to the
required software system for the organisational growth. By passing through each
ERP lifecycle, the organisation manager faces challenges in each of the phase (Hu et al. 2016).
Challenge of gathering proper system skill: It is easy to implement
new and effective software in organisation with the help of ERP system.
However, the manager requires proper knowledge based on software system for the
organisation. If the manager would not have required skills, it will be
difficult for them to make understand their employee for implementing or using
software system. In order to sustain organisation aim in proper direction it is
essential to share system information to the project related person within the
organisation (Baltzan
& Phillips, 2016).
Requires expert’s guide in retirement phase
adoption: With the presence of top-level management system, the business
organisation avails proper decision and direction method. According to the
literature review, the organisational manager faces challenges while adopting
technology. When it comes to avail the facility with the help of retirement
phase of ERP life cycle, it is essential for the manager to gather expert
guide. There is a requirement of technical expert while adopting technology for
organisational development. This becomes a challenge for the management system
in order to avail convenient facility through ERP system. In that case, lack of technical skill can
result in failure direction and organisation would not able to sustain smoothly
(Leon, 2014).
According to the
literature review study, the researcher has shed light on the challenging phases,
which are faced by the organisational manager. With the help of ERP system and
ERP lifecycle, the researcher has lighted the narrow benefits through
retirement phase in ERP lifecycle process.
Retirement phase benefits in ERP lifecycle
process: The ERP lifecycle process consists different phases in which
retirement phase offers beneficial result for the organisational development.
In this phase, the manager has to decide for the removal of existing system and
implementation of required software in order to improve organisational
productivity. With the presence of retirement phase, a manager would be able to
understand when a software need to be retired. As software system has certain
specific expiry date after that particular system requires t be updated, hence
with the implementation of updated software to the organisation function, it
would be beneficial to develop in an efficient way (Galliers & Leidner, 2014).
However, each phase of ERP
lifecycle are interlinked with each other by relating lifecycle phases with
retirement phase several beneficial results can be availed by the organisation.
These ERP lifecycle process are processed in a cyclic order, hence, when it
comes to last stage of retirement phase, the manager would get idea when a
software should be removed and how the next system can be utilised for the
further organisational growth. With the help of adoption phase, a manager can
be able to reach retirement easily by analysing the required system for
establishing proper project planning (Renz, 2016).
Retirement phase properties: With the evidence of ERP software
cost effectiveness, the business organisation tends to adopt this Cloud ERP
software for organisational growth. As the entire processes of cloud software
are maintained within vendor's environment, hence this software does not carry
any extra rent through organisation. Cloud ERP system offer to integrate
required information the software installation. Cloud software is extremely
flexible to the user and in addition, this software provides the facility of
auto update system. Cloud software provides an effective to communicate and
share information to the organisational body and it can be controlled from
anywhere. Hence, according to the research, this Cloud ERP system is suitable
for business organisations (Garbutt
& Schuler, 2016).
Solution through ERP lifecycle and retirement phase: Cloud ERP system offers many
beneficial service to the organisation. Based on the research study it can be
said that the organisation can be able to implement this software according to
their business requirements. The software developers has provided with
user-friendly ERP system of cloud computing. Business organisation faces
challenges during technology implementation due to limited budget, since cloud
ERP system offers different packages so it would be convenient to select
affordable software packages for organisational development (Lasisi, Owens & Udagedara, 2017).
In recent days it has been
seen that many of the organisational body tends to adopt ERP system and ERP
lifecycle retirement phase, in order to develop organisational productivity. In
order to plan for a project in business organisation, lot of things need to
meet related to the business fundamentals. According to the research study on
retirement phase of ERP lifecycle and through the help of literature review
many things has come out. Several data has been collected through this research
study and this research study leads toward the discussion part, based on the
challenging factors and implementation of retirement phase with the help of ERP
lifecycle’s retirement phase. In order to develop organisation in proper
manner, there is requirement of technology adoption, which transforms
organisational function in an easy mode. Retirement phase works as tool for the
organisational manager while planning a project.
In this research report,
the researcher has highlighted critical points of business organisational
structure and functionality with the implementation of ERP lifecycle. ERP retirement phase lifecycle provides an
efficient way to implement technology in the global business platform. With the
help of lifecycle model related to ERP, system an organisational management
body can be able to understand the method of technology adoption. According to
the researcher ERP, system is beneficial for organisational growth. However,
there are few parts of challenges where the organisational management finds
while planning for a project (Jeong et al.
2015).
When it comes to plan a project, in
order to achieve organisational aim and objectives, it is essential to
implement required resources. For this reason organisation requires a proper
direction to implement suitable ERP system. With the implementation of ERP life
cycle and its different steps, this helps the organisation to achieve
organisational, specified goal. In the platform of global business,
organisation ERP lifecycle enable organisation to select technology packages.
In addition, this lifecycle tool also supports project planning in proper way
and in efficient manner. The organisational manager receives certain suitable
idea to integrate project planning in a proper alignment. The researcher has
found an important technique of analysing gap while implementing ERP system to
the organisation. It is very important to analyse organisational gap, it is the
way to make understand about the current organisational function and future
requirement for the organisation (Heravi
& Coffey, 2014).
In order to implement project planning it is important to review the entire
status of the organisation, this helps to analyse what are the further
requirement of the organisation. Through analysing organisational requirement,
the decision makers will be able to make effective business strategies in order
to gain beneficial results and can improve their market position.
The researcher has focused on the
implementation of ERP lifecycle process because it provides structured way to
improve organisational function. According to the research study on literature
review, it has come to know that in the ground of global organisation ERP
system has influenced positive results for organisational growth. The
management system of the organisation enables to design effective project
designing and planning (Rieger,
Stanley & Traynor, 2014). One another
applicable method that is retirement system in ERP helps organisational
management system in order to implement new and effective business planning.
Organisational management body implement certain effective business strategies
for organisational growth, however, the environment of business platform
changes according market status. Hence, it is not possible that existing
business strategy will work effectively; in that case, organisation requires
changing and modifying its marketing strategies. With the change of marketing
strategies, an organisation can be able to receive profitable result for the
organisational growth. According to the research study, the researcher has put
their view on ERP retirement phase, which is suitable to improve organisational
productivity. This phase helps the organisational management system to
implement new project planning which would reflect positive result in favour of
global level organisation (trexin.com,
2014).
The ground of global
market deals with various types of organisation and every organisation
consisting of their own market value. In the ground of market, it is the
crucial responsibility of managers to implement suitable project planning for
organisational development. When it comes to plan for a project, the manager
faces certain areas of challenge. In order to develop and improve
organisational productivity it is essential to design project planning in a
proper manner at the time of ERP retirement phase. In this report, there is a
discussion on managerial function to design project planning with the support
of ERP system and ERP retirement phase analysis. Through the implementation of
project, planning one organisational manager can be able to share their vision
among other employee related to the business platform.
With the implementation of
ERP system and ERP retirement phase, an organisation faces few of the
challenging area. The researcher has focused and lighted the challenging area,
which need to be improved in proper manner, so that the organisation can be
able to improve their productivity in an effective manner during ERP retirement
phase and ERP system. When a manager comes to plan for organisational project,
it is important to review the importance of project planning. With the help of
ERP retirement phase and ERP system, the manager would be able to conduct
organisational function in an effective way through project, planning the
organisational manager can be able to put their view on business strategies.
Project planning is an effective through which an organisation can avail
different way of receiving beneficial result and in addition, it helps to
improve productivity.